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  1. On paragraphs. Scale, themes, and narrative form
    Erschienen: 01.10.2015

    Different scales, different features. It’s the main difference between the thesis we have presented here, and the one that has so far dominated the study of the paragraph. By defining it as "a sentence writ large", or, symmetrically, as "a short... mehr

     

    Different scales, different features. It’s the main difference between the thesis we have presented here, and the one that has so far dominated the study of the paragraph. By defining it as "a sentence writ large", or, symmetrically, as "a short discourse", previous research was implicitly asserting the irrelevance of scale: sentence, paragraph, and discourse were all equally involved in the "development of one topic". We have found the exact opposite: 'scale is directly correlated to the differentiation of textual functions'. By this, we don't simply mean that the scale of sentences or paragraphs allows us to "see" style or themes more clearly. This is true, but secondary. Paragraphs allows us to "see" themes, because themes fully "exist" only at the scale of the paragraph. Ours is not just an epistemological claim, but an ontological one: if style and themes and episodes exist in the form they do, it's because writers work at different scales – and do different things according to the level at which they are operating.

     

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    Quelle: GiNDok
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Arbeitspapier; workingPaper
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Literatur und Rhetorik (800)
    Sammlung: Stanford Literary Lab
    Schlagworte: Digital Humanities; Intertextualität; Roman; Literaturtheorie; Lyrik; Syntax; Absatz <Text>
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    publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/home/index/help

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    info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

  2. Canon/archive : large-scale dynamics in the literary field

    Of the novelties introduced by digitization in the study of literature, the size of the archive is probably the most dramatic: we used to work on a couple of hundred nineteenth-century novels, and now we can analyze thousands of them, tens of... mehr

     

    Of the novelties introduced by digitization in the study of literature, the size of the archive is probably the most dramatic: we used to work on a couple of hundred nineteenth-century novels, and now we can analyze thousands of them, tens of thousands, tomorrow hundreds of thousands. It's a moment of euphoria, for quantitative literary history: like having a telescope that makes you see entirely new galaxies. And it's a moment of truth: so, have the digital skies revealed anything that changes our knowledge of literature? This is not a rhetorical question. In the famous 1958 essay in which he hailed "the advent of a quantitative history" that would "break with the traditional form of nineteenth-century history", Fernand Braudel mentioned as its typical materials "demographic progressions, the movement of wages, the variations in interest rates [...] productivity [...] money supply and demand." These were all quantifiable entities, clearly enough; but they were also completely new objects compared to the study of legislation, military campaigns, political cabinets, diplomacy, and so on. It was this double shift that changed the practice of history; not quantification alone. In our case, though, there is no shift in materials: we may end up studying 200,000 novels instead of 200; but, they're all still novels. Where exactly is the novelty?

     

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    Quelle: GiNDok
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Arbeitspapier; workingPaper
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Literatur und Rhetorik (800)
    Sammlung: Stanford Literary Lab
    Schlagworte: Quantitative Literaturwissenschaft; Digital Humanities; Romantheorie
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    info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

  3. Popularity/Prestige
    Autor*in: Porter, J. D.
    Erschienen: 08.11.2018

    What is the canon? Usually this question is just a proxy for something like, "Which works are in the canon?" But the first question is not just a concise version of the second, or at least it doesn’t have to be. Instead, it can ask what the... mehr

     

    What is the canon? Usually this question is just a proxy for something like, "Which works are in the canon?" But the first question is not just a concise version of the second, or at least it doesn’t have to be. Instead, it can ask what the structure of the canon is - in other words, when things are in the canon, what are they in? This question came to the fore during the project that resulted in Pamphlet 11. The members of that group were looking for morphological differences between the canon and the archive. The latter they define, straightforwardly and capaciously, as "that portion of published literature that has been preserved—in libraries and elsewhere" The canon is a slipperier concept; the authors speak instead of multiple canons, like the books preserved in the Chadwyck-Healey Nineteenth-Century Fiction Collection, the constituents of the six different "best-twentieth century novels" lists analyzed by Mark Algee-Hewitt and Mark McGurl in Pamphlet 8, authors included in the British Dictionary of National Biography, and so forth. [...] This last conundrum points the way out of these difficulties and into a workable model of the structure of the canon. It suggests two different ways of entering the canon: being read by many and being prized by an elite few—or, to use the terms arrived at in Pamphlet 11, popularity and prestige. With these two dimensions, we arrive at a canonical space [...].

     

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  4. Articulatory correlates of the voicing contrast in alveolar obstruent production in German

    This work investigates laryngeal and supralaryngeal correlates of the voicing contrast in alveolar obstruent production in German. It further studies laryngealoral co-ordination observed for such productions. Three different positions of the... mehr

     

    This work investigates laryngeal and supralaryngeal correlates of the voicing contrast in alveolar obstruent production in German. It further studies laryngealoral co-ordination observed for such productions. Three different positions of the obstruents are taken into account: the stressed, syllable initial position, the post-stressed intervocalic position, and the post-stressed word final position. For the latter the phonological rule of final devoicing applies in German. The different positions are chosen in order to study the following hypotheses:

    1. The presence/absence of glottal opening is not a consistent correlate of the voicing contrast in German.

    2. Supralaryngeal correlates are also involved in the contrast.

    3. Supralaryngeal correlates can compensate for the lack of distinction in laryngeal adjustment.

    Including the word final position is motivated by the question whether neutralization in word final position would be complete or whether some articulatory residue of the contrast can be found.

    Two experiments are carried out. The first experiment investigates glottal abduction in co-ordination with tongue-palate contact patterns by means of simultaneous recordings of transillumination, fiberoptic films and Electropalatography (EPG). The second experiment focuses on supralaryngeal correlates of alveolar stops studied by means of Electromagnetic Articulography (EMA) simultaneously with EPG. Three German native speakers participated in both recordings. Results of this study provide evidence that the first hypothesis holds true for alveolar stops when different positions are taken into account. In fricative production it is also confirmed since voiceless and voiced fricatives are most of the time realised with glottal abduction. Additionally, supralaryngeal correlates are involved in the voicing contrast under two perspectives. First, laryngeal and supralaryngeal movements are well synchronised in voiceless obstruent production, particularly in the stressed position. Second, supralaryngeal correlates occur especially in the post-stressed intervocalic position. Results are discussed with respect to the phonetics-phonology interface, to the role of timing and its possible control, to the interarticulatory co-ordination, and to stress as 'localised hyperarticulation'.

     

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  5. Zur Bestimmung der Zählbarkeit deutscher Substantive

    Diese Arbeit hat als übergeordnete und finale Zielsetzung das Bestreben eine systematische, effiziente und nachvollziehbare Bestimmung der lexikalisierten Zählbarkeit deutscher Substantive zu ermöglichen. Ein Unterfangen, das zu meinem Wissen bisher... mehr

     

    Diese Arbeit hat als übergeordnete und finale Zielsetzung das Bestreben eine systematische, effiziente und nachvollziehbare Bestimmung der lexikalisierten Zählbarkeit deutscher Substantive zu ermöglichen. Ein Unterfangen, das zu meinem Wissen bisher weder für Substantive des Deutschen, noch des Englischen, in einem größeren Maßstab unternommen wurde.

    Es gibt zwar einige Lexika, die bereits Einträge für nur im Singular oder nur im Plural auftretende Substantive beinhalten, jedoch ist mir keine Ressource bekannt, die eine qualitativ und quantitativ hochwertige Klassifizierung der lexikalischen Zählbarkeit von Substantiven des Englischen oder des Deutschen bietet. Ein Hinweis auf einen ausschließlich verwendeten Numerus eines Substantivs ist hierbei keineswegs ein zuverlässiges Indiz auf die Zählbarkeit dieses Substantivs, sondern lediglich eines von vielem Merkmalen, dass in Summe das ergibt, was gemeinhin unter dem Begriff Zählbarkeit summiert wird.

    Auch die Literatur zur Zählbarkeit selbst beschränkt sich fast durchgängig auf einige wenige Substantive, die wie auch bereits in dieser Einleitung geschehen, immer wieder und wieder diskutiert werden. Die Interpretation der Zählbarkeit von Hunden, Katzen und Kaninchen, sowie von Wein, Reis, Möbeln und Schmuck, wird auch in den Beispielen dieser Arbeit immer wieder von Bedeutung sein. Es ist allerdings offenkundig, dass das Deutsche oder Englische weitaus mehr Wörter als die soeben genannten beinhaltet und somit eine Betrachtung über diese Standardbeispiele hinaus sinnvoll ist.

    Es ist daher mein Bestreben, Tests und Richtlinien zur Bestimmung der lexikalischen Zählbarkeit von Substantiven zu entwickeln, diese auf über 1.000 Lemmata des Deutschen anzuwenden und somit erstmals einen Gold-Standard zu etablieren, der neben qualitativen Betrachtungen auch eine quantitative Untersuchung der Zählbarkeit von Wörtern in einer großen deutschsprachigen Tageszeitung erlaubt.

     

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    Quelle: GiNDok
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Medientyp: Arbeitspapier; workingPaper
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Englisch, Altenglisch (420); Germanische Sprachen; Deutsch (430)
    Schlagworte: Numerus; Deutsch; Substantiv
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    publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/home/index/help

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    info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess