Suchergebnisse

German professors and the two world wars

Erschienen: 2019

Verlag: Universität, Freiburg

Abstract: The article is available for free; instead of an abstract, this is an extract taken from the beginning of the text:<br><br>During the year 1914, a torrent of professorial speeches and publications swept across the country. By the beginning... mehr

Zugang:

Resolving-System

Langzeitarchivierung Nationalbibliothek

kostenfrei

Abstract: The article is available for free; instead of an abstract, this is an extract taken from the beginning of the text:

During the year 1914, a torrent of professorial speeches and publications swept across the country. By the beginning of December, 1,400 separate publications with war-related titles had appeared, for an average of twelve books or pamphlets a day.[8] The outbreak of war thus brought about a tremendous upsurge not contributed to this boom, the percentage of professors was notable.

Those who did not stride to the lectern or take up pen were at least willing to place their names on one of the manifestoes with which professors now appeared before the public.[9] This, too, was new in Germany. As early as mid-August 1914, professors such as Ernst Haeckel and Rudolf Eucken published a sharply worded statement against the entry of England into the war.[10] They were supported by a joint “Declaration of German University Professors” signed by an additional 29 scholars.[11] Protests and counterprotests by additional professors followed, and on September 1, the historians in Bonn signed yet another manifesto.[12] At the beginning of October 1914, the famous “Appeal to the World of Culture” appeared, signed not just by 37 prominent artists and writers, but also by 56 university professors.[13] In mid-October a “Declaration of the [!] University Professors of the German Reich” appeared, signed by 3, 016 professors.[14] Mobilization on such a grand scale has never occurred since then; it would also have been unthinkable prior to that time.

Declarations of this kind were not a German peculiarity. On October 21, for instance, around 500 professors in England, especially Oxford dons, spoke out against their German colleagues. By the end of the year, fifteen French universities had taken a collective stand against the declaration of the German universities.[15] Contemporaries were already calling this public hue and cry a “War of the Intellectuals,” or “War of the Minds.”[16] By participating, those who stayed behind were making a verbal contribution to the war effort on the home front.

This intellectual mobilization was by no means restricted to the professors. Artists and writers were equally involved in it.[17] While the professors may have been only one group among others in this band of authorial warriors, they were a striking one. The readiness of German professors to contribute their share to the national defense was demonstrated not just by public speeches, writings, and manifestoes. Their own scholarly work, too, was oriented towards the war and its themes. Linguists wrote about “Soldiery in the German Vocabulary,” or “German War and the German Language”;[18] folklorists wrote about “The German Soldiers’ Song on the Field” or “German War Songs and Patriotic Poetry.”[19] Medievalists wrote about “The Bellicose Culture of the Heathen Germanic Barbarians,”[20] literary historians, about “The Present War and Dramatic Literature.”[21] And this political-military event even affected literary periodization. As early as 1915, Oskar Walzel coined the epochal designation “German Prewar Literature.”[22] Entire journal issues were devoted to the war theme; especially in 1915, there was a tremendous upsurge of pertinent articles.[23]

To be sure, most of the journals that focused on the war had already established a close connection between academia and the educated class. Scholarly journals in the narrower sense did not participate in this turn toward war issues. “The” German professorate remained focused on supposedly pure knowledge in its scholarship. But many individuals took the war as an occasion for rethinking their own relationship toward the nation, as well as that of their discipline to national values, and they demonstrated this publicly. Scarcely any German professors voiced pacifistic views during World War I;[24] among the professors of German, I have found not one who, if he made public statements at all, failed to speak out for the war.

I do not want to pursue the development of war writings by German professors in detail. Suffice it to say that the broad, universal war enthusiasm of the first year, which was quickly dubbed the “ideas of 1914,”[25] suffocated in the horrors of trench warfare and the fears and hardships of the following years. Articles and manifestoes came to concentrate on far more special topics: on the discussion of war aims, on the one hand, and on constitutional issues, on the other.[26] These debated were carried on principally by historians, while professors of German were scarcely involved. They tended to feel more responsible for the common good of the nation, but it was only toward the end of the Weimar Republic that they again connected this with the theme of war.

What motivated the German professors to make such a massive and unequivocal contribution to the German entry into war? Since the 1960s, this question has been researched with considerable breadth and great intensity.[27] The most compelling attempt at an explanation of this phenomenon takes as its starting point the fundamentally imperialistic outlook that had shaped the intellectual climate of Wilhelminian Germany.[28] This school argues that the leadership elite in prewar Germany was not only deeply imbued with nationalism and conservatism, but was also largely under the sway of imperialistic thinking, which had tremendous influence on Germany’s entry into World War I. It is only since the publication of “Germany’s Aims in the First World War”, by Fritz Fischer (1961; English trans., 1967), that this perspective has succeeded in overcoming powerful resistance and gained widespread acceptance

Export in Literaturverwaltung

Quelle:	DNB Sachgruppe Deutsche Sprache und Literatur
Sprache:	Englisch
Medientyp:	Unbestimmt
Format:	Online
Weitere Identifier:	doi: 10.6094/UNIFR/151219 urn: urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-1512194
Auflage/Ausgabe:	Manuskript
Schlagworte:	Germanistik; Zweiter Weltkrieg; Nationalismus
Weitere Schlagworte:	Herrmann, Hans Peter (1929-); (local)preprint
Umfang:	Online-Ressource

Digital Germanic philology? : questions, challenges and obstacles for scholars of german

Autor*in: Szurawitzki, Michael

Erschienen: 2009

Verlag: Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main

Bibliographische Angaben
Zugang

Zugang:

Resolving-System

Langzeitarchivierung Nationalbibliothek

Verlag (kostenfrei)

Export in Literaturverwaltung

Quelle:	DNB Sachgruppe Deutsche Sprache und Literatur
Sprache:	Englisch
Medientyp:	Unbestimmt
Format:	Online
Weitere Identifier:	urn: urn:nbn:de:hebis:30-1136823
Schlagworte:	Germanistik
Umfang:	Online-Ressource
Bemerkung(en):	In: Media in Transition 6. Stone and Papyrus : Storage and Transmission, International Conference, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, April 24-26, 2009

Germanistik an Hochschulen in Großbritannien und Irland

Verzeichnis der Hochschullehrerinnen und Hochschullehrer = Germanists in Great Britain and Ireland

Autor*in:

Erschienen: 1998-1998

Verlag: Austauschdienst, Bonn

Bibliographische Angaben

Export in Literaturverwaltung

Quelle:	DNB Sachgruppe Deutsche Sprache und Literatur
Sprache:	Englisch; Deutsch
Medientyp:	Unbestimmt
Format:	Druck
Schriftenreihe:	Reihe Germanistik
Schlagworte:	Germanistik; Hochschullehrer; Germanistik; Hochschullehrer; Hochschullehrer; Germanistik; Hochschullehrer; Germanistik
Bemerkung(en):	Späteres online über Internet; Adresse: URL: www.germanistenverzeichnis.de

Directory of German studies

departments, programs, and faculties in the United States and Canada

Autor*in:

Erschienen: 1991-2001

Verlag: Max Kade Institute, Madison, Wis. ; DAAD, Bonn

Bibliographische Angaben

Export in Literaturverwaltung

Quelle:	DNB Sachgruppe Deutsche Sprache und Literatur
Sprache:	Englisch
Medientyp:	Unbestimmt
Format:	Druck
DDC Klassifikation:	Germanische Sprachen; Deutsch (430); Literaturen germanischer Sprachen; Deutsche Literatur (830)
Schriftenreihe:	DAAD-Monatshefte Monatshefte / Max Kade Institute
Schlagworte:	Hochschullehrer; Germanistik

German studies in North America

[a directory of scholars]

Autor*in: Alexander, Keith

Erschienen: 2004

Verlag: German Historical Inst., Washington, DC

Bibliographische Angaben
Inhaltsangaben

Export in Literaturverwaltung

Hinweise zum Inhalt

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Quelle:	DNB Sachgruppe Deutsche Sprache und Literatur
Sprache:	Englisch
Medientyp:	Unbestimmt
Format:	Druck
Schriftenreihe:	Reference guide / German Historical Institute, Washington, DC ; 17
Schlagworte:	Germanist; Historiker; Geschichte; Germanistik
Umfang:	1165 S., 24 cm

Literatur im Spannungsfeld zwischen Wissenschaft und Didaktik

exemplarische Unterrichtsmodelle für die Hochschule

Autor*in:

Verlag: iudicium, München

Bochum: Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsbibliothek

Standort:

Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsbibliothek

Signatur:

MWB10269

Fernleihe:

Ausleihe von Bänden möglich, keine Kopien

Link zum Verbundkatalog:

Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (hbz)

Düsseldorf: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf

Standort:

Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf

Link zum Verbundkatalog:

Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (hbz)

Essen: Universitätsbibliothek Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen

Standort:

Universitätsbibliothek Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen

Signatur:

DDD3454

Link zum Verbundkatalog:

Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (hbz)

Landau/Pfalz: Universitätsbibliothek Landau

Standort:

Universitätsbibliothek Landau

Signatur:

deu 88-221

Link zum Verbundkatalog:

Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (hbz)

Münster: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster

Standort:

Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster

Signatur:

077 0198#2

Fernleihe:

keine Fernleihe

Standort:

Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster

Signatur:

077 0198

Fernleihe:

keine Fernleihe

Link zum Verbundkatalog:

Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (hbz)

Wuppertal: Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal

Standort:

Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal

Signatur:

DDD3349

Link zum Verbundkatalog:

Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (hbz)

Export in Literaturverwaltung

Quelle:	Verbundkataloge
Beteiligt:	Ulrich, Carmen (Array)
Sprache:	Deutsch; Englisch
Medientyp:	Buch (Monographie)
ISBN:	9783862055203; 3862055205
Weitere Identifier:	9783862055203
DDC Klassifikation:	Bildung und Erziehung (370)
Schlagworte:	Textanalyse; Hochschulunterricht; Interkulturalität; Literaturunterricht; Germanistik
Weitere Schlagworte:	(Produktform)Paperback / softback; Hochschulunterricht; Literaturdidaktik; Textanalyse; (VLB-WN)1577: Hardcover, Softcover / Pädagogik/Erwachsenenbildung
Umfang:	169 Seiten, Illustrationen, Diagramme, 22,5 x 15,5 cm, 278 g

Quelle:	BDSL
Sprache:	Englisch
Medientyp:	Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
Format:	Druck
Übergeordneter Titel:	In: The German quarterly; Cherry Hill, NJ : AATG, 1928-; 80, 2007, H. 2, S. 139-144; 26 cm
Schlagworte:	Germanistik

Quelle:	Verbundkataloge
Sprache:	Englisch
Medientyp:	Elektronische Zeitschrift
Format:	Online
ISSN:	1930-6962
Schlagworte:	Germanistik
Umfang:	Online-Ressource
Bemerkung(en):	Zusatz anfangs: devoted to studies dealing with the Germanic languages and literatures Gesehen am 26.05.2020 ZDB-1-PAO ZDB-44-LIO ZDB-30-LOR In: Literature online (2130302-2) New York, NY [u.a.], Columbia Univ. Press, anfangs Washington, DC, Heldref Publ., früher

Quelle:	BDSL
Sprache:	Englisch
Medientyp:	Aufsatz aus einem Sammelband
Format:	Druck
Übergeordneter Titel:	In: Magister et amicus; Wien : Edition Praesens, 2003; 2003, S. 265-268; 991 S., graph. Darst.
Schlagworte:	Mediävistik; Germanistik; Datenverarbeitung

Quelle:	BDSL
Beteiligt:	Białek, Edward (Hrsg.); Tomiczek, Eugeniusz; Piirainen, Ilpo Tapani
Sprache:	Deutsch; Französisch; Polnisch; Englisch
Medientyp:	Buch (Monographie)
Format:	Druck
ISBN:	9788374322607
Schriftenreihe:	Orbis linguarum ; 31
Schlagworte:	Linguistik; Germanistik; Literatur
Weitere Schlagworte:	Piirainen, Ilpo Tapani (1941-2012)
Umfang:	527 S., Ill.
Bemerkung(en):	Bibliogr. I. T. Piirainen S. 5 - 32

Quelle:	BDSL
Sprache:	Deutsch; Englisch
Medientyp:	Zeitschrift, Zeitung
Format:	Druck
ISSN:	0172-3960
RVK Klassifikation:	ER 470
DDC Klassifikation:	Bibliografie (010); Sprache (400)
Schlagworte:	Linguistik; Bibliografie; Romanistik; Germanistik; Anglistik
Umfang:	30 cm
Bemerkung(en):	Enth. auch Nachtr. zu früheren Jahren Ersch. jährl.

Filtern nach

Aktive Filter

Kategorien:

Bereich

Quelle

Format

Beteiligt

Medientyp

Sprache

Jahr

Letzte Suchanfragen

Ergebnisse für *

German professors and the two world wars

Digital Germanic philology? : questions, challenges and obstacles for scholars of german

Germanistik an Hochschulen in Großbritannien und Irland

Directory of German studies

German studies in North America

Literatur im Spannungsfeld zwischen Wissenschaft und Didaktik

Mediaevistik und Neue Medien

The Germanic review

Is literature still central to German Studies?

Old and new beads

Is literature still central to German studies?

Festgabe für Prof. Dr. Ilpo Tapani Piirainen

Comparative literature - in, from and beyond Germany

From classical shades to Vickers victourious

Bibliographie linguistischer Literatur

Bibliography of linguistic literature

Image, body, text

Germanistik in Ireland

Tendenzen der internationalen Germanistik

Wither goeth Australasian German studies?

Field studies

Interdisciplinarity in German studies on the graduate level

New German critique

"The German language and literature special collections at the University library of Frankfurt am Main and the work of the subject specialist"

German academics in British universities during the First World War